E-Learning

Crude oils contain as many as 45 elements, many of which can have adverse effects on petroleum refining and product quality. These effects can include poisoning of the catalysts used during the refining process or corrosion to the process equipment. The determination and quantification of these trace elements can be particularly challenging because of the high viscosity of many crudes and the presence of large particulates. This requires time-consuming sample preparation, such as ashing and w...

Karl Fischer titration is an analytical technique widely used by chemists throughout the petroleum related sector.  Many chemists will agree that accurate results are most important followed by delivering results quickly, consistently and safely.  Smooth transitions between testing runs is also highly desirable. There are a number different KF methods available to cover the spectrum of samples within the hydrocarbon markets.  This webinar will give insights into which methods are best e...

Methane emissions are responsible for about 25% of current global warming and the oil and gas sector is one of the largest anthropogenic sources of methane. The IPCC, in its “Special Report on Global Warming of 1.5 degrees”, noted that emissions of Short-Lived Climate Pollutants like methane and black carbon need to be reduced by 35% or more by 2050 to stay below the 1.5 degrees target, while the International Energy Agency identified upstream methane emissions as one of the most importan...

Methane emissions are increasingly meaningful in public debates for political, administrative, and public stakeholders and can have significant impact on the future of natural gas. The different approaches for emission estimation in place cause difficulties to identify the methane emissions in the countries correctly and put the gas industry in a difficult situation. The GERG project MEEM (finished in July 2018) developed a methane emission estimation method for the gas distribution grid whic...

As known European natural gas resources is declining and the EU is depending increasingly on imported natural gas. Consequently, diversification of the European natural gas supply has become necessary and this is being implemented as required by the Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC. Under mandate M/475, CEN/PC 408 developed specifications for biomethane (i.e. EN16723-1 for injection into natural gas grids and EN16723-2 for transport fuel). Currently, the test methods cited in EN16723 are...

Biomethane is an important source of green and renewable energy. To allow injection of biomethane into the natural gas grid or the use as a vehicle fuel, it should meets the quality standards for natural gas. The timely and accurate measurement of the biomethane energy is of fundamental importance for users and distributors. The MicroGC technology supply features ideal for fast and accurate on-line analysis of biomethane and calorific value measurements. Minor organic contaminants like hyd...

Not Available

Volatile organics like naphtha are amongst the most challenging samples to be analyzed by ICP techniques. Wealth of emission lines originating from the organic matrix and high volatility demonstrate challenges for ICP-OES analyzers. A robust plasma as well as an optical system with high spectral resolution are required in order to routinely quantify trace elements in the low µg/kg range. For specification analysis in the low µg/kg range ICP-MS often is the method of choice as conventiona...

This paper presents a tunable laser analyzer that has the capability to analyze several components in a gas sample stream. More specifically, a multi-gas system for simultaneous detection of C1-iC5 hydrocarbons, using a room temperature distributed feedback (DFB) inter-band cascade laser (ICL) array, emitting in the 3.3-micron band has been realized. It combines all the advantages of the tunable laser spectroscopy method for a fast, sensitive and selective in-line multicomponent tunable laser...

Not Available

Analyzing moisture, and how much of it, is critical to the performance of petroleum products, as well as infrastructure and product integrity. One of the most famous methods for moisture analysis is Karl Fischer Titration (KFT). KFT has a wide dynamic range, and is easy measurement, but has difficulty in measuring relatively low amounts of moisture. This time, we have developed the new trace moisture analysis system using Gas Chromatography with the Novel BID. In this work, we introduce the h...

Over the past 20 years, advances in modern ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry have forever changed the expectations of petroleum analyses. Facilitated by advances in ionization methods (that enable molecular-level analysis irrespective of initial or final boiling point), ultra-high resolution Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) routinely resolves and identifies tens-of-thousands of species (at the level of elemental composition assignment) in individua...